Panchakarma is a Sanskrit word that means "five actions" or "five treatments." This is a process used to clean the body of toxic materials left by disease and poor nutrition. Ayurveda says that imbalanced doshas create waste matter. This waste matter is called Ama in Ayurveda. Ama is a foul-smelling, sticky, noxious substance that needs to be evacuated from the body as thoroughly as possible. Where as Ayurveda states that physical and mental diseases occur due to the vitiation of somatic doshas vata, pitta and kapha and due to mental doshas Rajas and Tamas.

Panchakarma is a process in which these accumulated substances are removed from the body by direct intervention. This treatment constitutes of five basic forms of treatment each of which is known as a karma. These five basic procedures are:

Medicated puking (vamana) to remove excess kapha

Therapeutic purgation (viracana) to clear excess pitta

Medicated clyster (vasti) to eject excess vata

Nasal drops or snuffs (nasya) for diseases of the head & neck

Bloodletting (raktamokshana) in case of blood disorders

Due to improper food habits like excessive eating, eating too many cold foods, hard to digest foods, remaining in a cold environment for a long time without proper precaution etc leads to accumulation of excessive phlegm in the body. This is called as kapha in Ayurveda. The process by which this excessive phlegm is removed is called as vaman. The excessive eating of sour or bitter foods, too much hot foods, traveling in the sun or remaining in the sun for a longer period of time results in pitta accumulation. The excessive pitta is removed by the process virechan.

The vata gets accumulated in the body due to excessive traveling, excessive physical work, and eating dry foods. The excessive vata is removed by the process basti from the body. When any of the three doshas get accumulated in the head region it is removed by nasal cavity by the process nasya. The raktamokshan process is used to remove the excess of any of the doshas from the blood.

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